Ъٙ˙όԸΫజᅀਠf
3
৷̹ఙѩፅ˥ٙʈ༟d̙
ڜ
࣒ࡰʈᕎᔖᔷ
ٙਗዚdϾືᅀਠ
ם
ၾࠠໄࡰʈഃϓ͉f
4
߰ʈЪᐶࣖԱπ
ॆྼঐɢdϾ
ڭ
वʈ༟ɦၾॆྼঐɢя͍ᗫd
ۆ
ᗴ˸ЭᑚટաʈЪٙӋᔖ
٫ᜑ್݊ɓ໊ঐɢ༰Эٙೌᄆ
࠽
ʘ
ي
(lemons)
i߰ඬ˴Ϊৃࢹ˞ॹϾႬ
͜˼
ࡁ
dഃ݊ਂəΣ፯
(adverse selection)
fШ߰ᅀਠ˹ഗࡰʈٙ
ʈ༟৷̹ఙѩፅ˥d
ۆ
̙ႰԴ༰ε௶ʈ
ۃ
Ըᅀਠ
ژ
ɹરඟ
(queue at
the gate of firm)
ӋᔖdϾ̙༰ɽϫʕ
(bigger pool)
ጜ፯Ց͛ପࣖଟ
һλٙࡰʈdΪϾࠥЭவ၇፯ٙࠬᎈfΪϤd˖ᘠਗ਼வ၇৷̹ఙѩፅ
ʈ༟ٙʈ༟၈
މ
ࣖଟʈ༟f
ࣖଟʈ༟Ϊ৷̹ఙѩፅʈ༟d್݂̀ึˏ೯
ڢ
Іᗴุ̰fШ࣬ኽ
Polachek and Siebert (1993)
dࣖଟʈ༟ᒱঐ
ם
Ըε௶ʈ
ۃ
ԸરඟӋᔖd
ШᅀਠԨʔึΪϤਗ਼Չʈ༟ֻɨ
ז
dΪ
މ
dவᅵਂึԴࣖଟʈ༟ఄ̰ՉႰԴ
ତᔖࡰʈрɢʈЪٙlz
ܔ
ዚՓfˈՉdʔਗ਼ʈ༟˥ֻɨ
ז
d˸੬
ڭ
Ϟɓ
໊௶ʈίᅀ
ژ
̮ഃഹӋᔖd࿁ᅀਠ݊ϞՉഒ࿁̀
ࠅ
dΪ
މ
dνϤ̙ࠗԴତᔖ
ࡰʈႩ
މ
d˼
ࡁ
̀һрɢʔdщ
ۆ
dՉᔖЗ৵ɪึவ໊ഃί
ژ
̮ٙӋ
ᔖ٫ഗ՟˾f
ה
˸dᅀਠʔШც
ࠅ
e
ޟ
˲лุ̰͜dԸ༺ϓՉ
ڮ
Դࡰʈ
މ
Չࣖɢٙͦٙf
ɚe༆ᙑᜊᅰʘ፯՟ၾண֛
ೌሞᅀਠत֛ɛɢ༟͉ଣሞeַ፰˕˹e
א
ࣖଟʈ༟ഗ˹dѩ᙮
ڗ
ಂඬ͜۰
ߒ
ۨόfˢৎอணͭٙʃᅀਠdᅼ༰ɽ˲અɮٙᅀਠΪ༰ʔ̙ঐ
ࡀ
ௐ˲༰ᗫːΆุ
ٙᑊᚑd݂༰ʔึ̘༼
ߠ
வ၇
ڗ
ಂ௶ਗ۰
ߒ
ʘ˖֛ၾ
ו
ፕdϾ௶༟ٙ྇ᗫ
ڷ
࿁ɰ༰
މ
ᖢ֛f
Huchens (1989)
ձ
Parsons (1986)
ɰܸ̈dவ၇Άุᑊᚑٙ
Ӌၾၪܵdഒ࿁ၾΆุᅼϞഒ࿁͍ٙᗫf
࣬ኽ
Mumford and Smith (2003)
dՉ˼ᅀਠतᜊᅰdνjБุeʈЪ
ۨ࿒eʈЪఙ
ה
ᐑྤeʈЪఙ
ה
ٙᅀਠत֛ո֛ࣖ
؈
(firm-specific fixed
effects)
e࿆ၾ
ڢ
࿆ٙࡰʈ
ڝ
̋၅л
(fringe benefits)
dɰึᅂᚤࡰʈٙତ
ᔖʈЪϋ༟ಂٙ
ڗ
f
Polachek and Siebert (1983)
ɰܸ̈dᅀਠlzٙʺ
38