Investment Sector: Artificial Intelligence
Overview
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be defined as hardware and software systems
combined to simulate human intelligence. AI is the apex technology of the
information age. The leap from computing built on the foundation of humans
telling computers how to act, to computing built on the foundation of computers
learning how to act has significant implications for every industry. While some
view this moment as the latest boom before the next AI Winter (see Figure 17),
we believe that AI is still at an inflection point where improvements in computer
processor design and access to larger amounts of data will keep performance
advances and breakthroughs coming for the foreseeable future.
Sources:
¨
Profiles in Innovation: Artificial Intelligence – AI, Machine Learning and Data Fuel the Future of
Productivity.
©
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., 14 Nov. 2016
Figure 17 Evolution of AI, 1950 to Present
1950
1956 1974-
1980
1987-
1993
2008 2011/
2012
2013
2015
2016
1969
1980
1997
2011 2012 2014
2016
2016
Alan Turing creates "Turing Test" to
determine machine's human ability
Stanford Research Institute creates
Shaky, first robot with self-reasoning
Symbolics Lisp Machines
commercialized – AI renaissance
IBM Deep Blue defeats Garry
Kasparov at Chess
IBM Watson defeats Ken Jennings
on Jeopardy
Apple introduces Siri intelligent
personal assistant
Facebook develops DeepFace, near-
human accuracy
Google DeepMind's AlphaGo defeats
Lee Sedol at Go
Uber pilots self-driving car program
in Pittsburgh, PA
Term "Artificial Intelligence" coined at
Dartmouth
First "AI-Winter" – The Lighthill report
Second "AI-Winter" – Collapse of
Lisp machine market
Google speech-to-search iPhone app
Google Brain developed, 75%
accuracy identifying cats on YouTube
China's Tianhe-2 Doubles World's Top
Supercomputing Speed (33.86 petaflops)
Google open-sources TensorFlow
software library
China's Sunway TaihuLight Triples
World's Top Supercomputing Speed
(93 petaflops)
67
Taiwan Economic Forum
Volume 15, Number 4
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